Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments: From the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment
Identifieur interne : 00A222 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00A221; suivant : 00A223Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments: From the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment
Auteurs : Hein J. W. De Baar [Pays-Bas] ; Philip W. Boyd [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Kenneth H. Coale [États-Unis] ; Michael R. Landry [États-Unis] ; Atsushi Tsuda [Japon] ; Philipp Assmy [Allemagne] ; Dorothee C. E. Bakker [Royaume-Uni] ; Yann Bozec [Pays-Bas] ; Richard T. Barber [États-Unis] ; Mark A. Brzezinski [États-Unis] ; Ken O. Buesseler [États-Unis] ; Marie Boyé [Pays-Bas, France] ; Peter L. Croot [Pays-Bas, Allemagne] ; Frank Gervais [Allemagne] ; Maxim Y. Gorbunov [États-Unis] ; Paul J. Harrison [République populaire de Chine] ; William T. Hiscock [États-Unis] ; Patrick Laan [Pays-Bas] ; Christiane Lancelot [Belgique] ; Cliff S. Law [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Maurice Levasseur [Canada] ; Adrian Marchetti [Canada] ; Frank J. Millero [États-Unis] ; Jun Nishioka [Japon] ; Yukihiro Nojiri [Japon] ; Tim Van Oijen [Pays-Bas] ; Ulf Riebesell [Allemagne] ; Micha J. A. Rijkenberg [Pays-Bas] ; Hiroaki Saito [Japon] ; Shigenobu Takeda [Japon] ; Klaas R. Timmermans [Pays-Bas] ; Marcel J. W. Veldhuis [Pays-Bas] ; Anya M. Waite [Australie] ; Chi-Shing Wong [Canada]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2005-09.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Biomasse, Sciences de la terre, écosystème, Plancton.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alfred wegener institute, Algal, Algal growth, Ambient, Ambient waters, Antarctic, Antarctic ocean, Antarctic seawater, Antarctic summation, Aquatic bioscience, Atlantic sector, Atmospheric research, Atmospheric science, Austral, Austral spring, Austral summer, Baar, Bakker, Bidigare, Biogenic, Biogeochemical, Biological production, Biological response, Biologie universite laval, Biomass, Biomass accumulation, Bottle treatments, Bowie, Boyd, Boye, Bozec, British columbia, Buesseler, Carbohydrate production, Carbon biomass, Carbon cycling, Carbon dioxide, Carbon sequestration, Carbondioxide uptake, Cell doublings, Cell numbers, Cell size, Central research institute, Chaetoceros, Charette, Chem, Chemostat effect, Coale, Coastal environment program, Coastal sciences, Colloid, Colloidal, Colloidal ligands, Community biomass, Community response, Complexation, Control bottles, Control station, Croot, Data points, Deck incubations, Deck incubators, Deeper layers, Deeper waters, Deeper wind, Deficiency method, Diatom, Diatom biovolume, Diatom chaetoceros debilis, Diatom size, Diatom species, Dilution, Dilution factor, Direct evidence, Dramatic increase, Drawdown, Duke university, Dust flux, Dust input, Early stages, Early subduction, Earth sciences, East anglia, Ecosystem, Ecosystem dynamics study, Eisenex, Electric power industry, Enrichment, Enrichment experiment, Enrichment experiments, Enrichments figure, Environmental sciences, Environmental studies, Equatorial, Experimental oceanography, Export flux, Favorable conditions, Fco2, Fertilisation, Fertilization, Fertilization experiment, Fertilization experiments, Field biomass, Final patch area, Final patch size, Fine colloids, First infusion, Fisheries research institute, Fitzwater, Fragilariopsis, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Frontal zone, Fugacity, Geophys, Geophysical research, Green bars, Growth curves, Growth rate, Growth rates, Heterotrophic, Heterotrophic respiration, Hiscock, Hnlc, Hnlc regions, Hnlc waters, Hong kong, Hong kong university, Incident light, Individual plankton cells, Infusion, Initial patch size, Initial value, Inorganic carbon, Inverse relationship, Iron addition, Iron availability, Iron concentrations, Iron enrichment, Iron enrichment experiment, Iron enrichment study, Iron experiment, Iron fertilisation, Iron fertilisation experiment, Iron fertilization, Iron fertilization experiment, Iron fertilization experiments, Iron hypothesis, Iron infusion, Iron limitation, Iron supply, Kerguelen islands, Kerguelensis, Lancelot, Landry, Large actinocyclus, Large diatoms, Large fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Large size class, Larger diatoms, Late summer, Lateral patch dilution, Layer depth, Leeuwe, Leibniz institut, Ligand, Light climate, Light conditions, Light depth, Light environment, Light level, Light limitation, Limnol, Loss processes, Major impact, Major nutrients, Maldonado, Marine biology, Marine research, Marine science institute, Maximum changes, Maximum decrease, Maximum growth rate, Maximum nitrate removal, Mesoscale, Microzooplankton, Millero, Mmol, Mmol light, Mole, Moss landing, Moss landing marine laboratories, National institute, National science foundation, Natural seawater, Next generation, Nicholas school, Nitrate, Nitrate removal, Nodder, Nutrient, Ocean diatoms, Ocean experiment, Ocean research conference, Ocean research institute, Ocean sciences, Oceanic, Oceanogr, Oceans canada, Oijen, Open circles, Open symbols, Open triangles, Organic complexation, Organic matter, Original articles, Other experiments, Other factors, Other hand, Other words, Overall efficiency, Pacific ocean, Pacific sector, Patch, Patch center, Patch centre, Patch dilution, Patch dilution factor, Patch size, Pennate, Personal communication, Photosynthetic fixation, Physical oceanography, Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton biomass, Phytoplankton biomass response, Phytoplankton carbon biomass, Phytoplankton growth, Phytoplankton photosynthesis, Phytoplankton processes, Phytoplankton responses, Plankton, Plankton communities, Plankton ecology, Primary production, Primary productivity, Prog, Rapid formation, Rapid removal, Rate estimates, Research triangle park, Rijkenberg, Rosenstiel school, Royal netherlands institute, Rutgers university, Santa barbara, Sawtooth pattern, Scripps institution, Seawater, Seawater samples, Sediment traps, Shear stress, Significant increase, Silicate, Size class, Size classes, Sofex, Sofex sites, Soiree, Soluble, Soluble fraction, Soluble pool, Southern ocean, Southern ocean iron experiment, Southern ocean iron release experiment, Southern ocean phytoplankton, Special thanks, Subarctic, Subarctic ecosystem response, Sulphur hexafluoride, Surface waters, Systemes aquatiques, Timmermans, Tokyo japan, Tracer, Tsuda, Univ, Universite libre, Unpublished manuscript, Upper limit, Veldhuis, Waite, Water research, Western australia, Wide range, Wind speed, Woods hole, World oceans.
- Teeft :
- Alfred wegener institute, Algal, Algal growth, Ambient, Ambient waters, Antarctic, Antarctic ocean, Antarctic seawater, Antarctic summation, Aquatic bioscience, Atlantic sector, Atmospheric research, Atmospheric science, Austral, Austral spring, Austral summer, Baar, Bakker, Bidigare, Biogenic, Biogeochemical, Biological production, Biological response, Biologie universite laval, Biomass, Biomass accumulation, Bottle treatments, Bowie, Boyd, Boye, Bozec, British columbia, Buesseler, Carbohydrate production, Carbon biomass, Carbon cycling, Carbon dioxide, Carbon sequestration, Carbondioxide uptake, Cell doublings, Cell numbers, Cell size, Central research institute, Chaetoceros, Charette, Chem, Chemostat effect, Coale, Coastal environment program, Coastal sciences, Colloid, Colloidal, Colloidal ligands, Community biomass, Community response, Complexation, Control bottles, Control station, Croot, Data points, Deck incubations, Deck incubators, Deeper layers, Deeper waters, Deeper wind, Deficiency method, Diatom, Diatom biovolume, Diatom chaetoceros debilis, Diatom size, Diatom species, Dilution, Dilution factor, Direct evidence, Dramatic increase, Drawdown, Duke university, Dust flux, Dust input, Early stages, Early subduction, Earth sciences, East anglia, Ecosystem, Ecosystem dynamics study, Eisenex, Electric power industry, Enrichment, Enrichment experiment, Enrichment experiments, Enrichments figure, Environmental sciences, Environmental studies, Equatorial, Experimental oceanography, Export flux, Favorable conditions, Fco2, Fertilisation, Fertilization, Fertilization experiment, Fertilization experiments, Field biomass, Final patch area, Final patch size, Fine colloids, First infusion, Fisheries research institute, Fitzwater, Fragilariopsis, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Frontal zone, Fugacity, Geophys, Geophysical research, Green bars, Growth curves, Growth rate, Growth rates, Heterotrophic, Heterotrophic respiration, Hiscock, Hnlc, Hnlc regions, Hnlc waters, Hong kong, Hong kong university, Incident light, Individual plankton cells, Infusion, Initial patch size, Initial value, Inorganic carbon, Inverse relationship, Iron addition, Iron availability, Iron concentrations, Iron enrichment, Iron enrichment experiment, Iron enrichment study, Iron experiment, Iron fertilisation, Iron fertilisation experiment, Iron fertilization, Iron fertilization experiment, Iron fertilization experiments, Iron hypothesis, Iron infusion, Iron limitation, Iron supply, Kerguelen islands, Kerguelensis, Lancelot, Landry, Large actinocyclus, Large diatoms, Large fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Large size class, Larger diatoms, Late summer, Lateral patch dilution, Layer depth, Leeuwe, Leibniz institut, Ligand, Light climate, Light conditions, Light depth, Light environment, Light level, Light limitation, Limnol, Loss processes, Major impact, Major nutrients, Maldonado, Marine biology, Marine research, Marine science institute, Maximum changes, Maximum decrease, Maximum growth rate, Maximum nitrate removal, Mesoscale, Microzooplankton, Millero, Mmol, Mmol light, Mole, Moss landing, Moss landing marine laboratories, National institute, National science foundation, Natural seawater, Next generation, Nicholas school, Nitrate, Nitrate removal, Nodder, Nutrient, Ocean diatoms, Ocean experiment, Ocean research conference, Ocean research institute, Ocean sciences, Oceanic, Oceanogr, Oceans canada, Oijen, Open circles, Open symbols, Open triangles, Organic complexation, Organic matter, Original articles, Other experiments, Other factors, Other hand, Other words, Overall efficiency, Pacific ocean, Pacific sector, Patch, Patch center, Patch centre, Patch dilution, Patch dilution factor, Patch size, Pennate, Personal communication, Photosynthetic fixation, Physical oceanography, Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton biomass, Phytoplankton biomass response, Phytoplankton carbon biomass, Phytoplankton growth, Phytoplankton photosynthesis, Phytoplankton processes, Phytoplankton responses, Plankton, Plankton communities, Plankton ecology, Primary production, Primary productivity, Prog, Rapid formation, Rapid removal, Rate estimates, Research triangle park, Rijkenberg, Rosenstiel school, Royal netherlands institute, Rutgers university, Santa barbara, Sawtooth pattern, Scripps institution, Seawater, Seawater samples, Sediment traps, Shear stress, Significant increase, Silicate, Size class, Size classes, Sofex, Sofex sites, Soiree, Soluble, Soluble fraction, Soluble pool, Southern ocean, Southern ocean iron experiment, Southern ocean iron release experiment, Southern ocean phytoplankton, Special thanks, Subarctic, Subarctic ecosystem response, Sulphur hexafluoride, Surface waters, Systemes aquatiques, Timmermans, Tokyo japan, Tracer, Tsuda, Univ, Universite libre, Unpublished manuscript, Upper limit, Veldhuis, Waite, Water research, Western australia, Wide range, Wind speed, Woods hole, World oceans.
Abstract
Comparison of eight iron experiments shows that maximum Chl a, the maximum DIC removal, and the overall DIC/Fe efficiency all scale inversely with depth of the wind mixed layer (WML) defining the light environment. Moreover, lateral patch dilution, sea surface irradiance, temperature, and grazing play additional roles. The Southern Ocean experiments were most influenced by very deep WMLs. In contrast, light conditions were most favorable during SEEDS and SERIES as well as during IronEx‐2. The two extreme experiments, EisenEx and SEEDS, can be linked via EisenEx bottle incubations with shallower simulated WML depth. Large diatoms always benefit the most from Fe addition, where a remarkably small group of thriving diatom species is dominated by universal response of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. Significant response of these moderate (10–30 μm), medium (30–60 μm), and large (>60 μm) diatoms is consistent with growth physiology determined for single species in natural seawater. The minimum level of “dissolved” Fe (filtrate < 0.2 μm) maintained during an experiment determines the dominant diatom size class. However, this is further complicated by continuous transfer of original truly dissolved reduced Fe(II) into the colloidal pool, which may constitute some 75% of the “dissolved” pool. Depth integration of carbon inventory changes partly compensates the adverse effects of a deep WML due to its greater integration depths, decreasing the differences in responses between the eight experiments. About half of depth‐integrated overall primary productivity is reflected in a decrease of DIC. The overall C/Fe efficiency of DIC uptake is DIC/Fe ∼ 5600 for all eight experiments. The increase of particulate organic carbon is about a quarter of the primary production, suggesting food web losses for the other three quarters. Replenishment of DIC by air/sea exchange tends to be a minor few percent of primary CO2 fixation but will continue well after observations have stopped. Export of carbon into deeper waters is difficult to assess and is until now firmly proven and quite modest in only two experiments.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2004JC002601
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Belgique, Canada, France, Japon, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Groningue (province), New Jersey, Région Bretagne, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Région de Kantō, Schleswig-Holstein
- Brest, Bruxelles, Groningue (ville), Kiel, New Brunswick (New Jersey), Tokyo
- Université Rutgers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Université de Groningue, Université de Tokyo, Université libre de Bruxelles
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W." last="De Baar">Hein J. W. De Baar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Pays-Bas</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology, University of Groningen, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Pays-Bas</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Philip W" sort="Boyd, Philip W" uniqKey="Boyd P" first="Philip W." last="Boyd">Philip W. Boyd</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coale, Kenneth H" sort="Coale, Kenneth H" uniqKey="Coale K" first="Kenneth H." last="Coale">Kenneth H. Coale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California, Moss Landing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Moss Landing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Landry, Michael R" sort="Landry, Michael R" uniqKey="Landry M" first="Michael R." last="Landry">Michael R. Landry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, La Jolla</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Jolla</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuda, Atsushi" sort="Tsuda, Atsushi" uniqKey="Tsuda A" first="Atsushi" last="Tsuda">Atsushi Tsuda</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tokyo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assmy, Philipp" sort="Assmy, Philipp" uniqKey="Assmy P" first="Philipp" last="Assmy">Philipp Assmy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Dorothee C E" sort="Bakker, Dorothee C E" uniqKey="Bakker D" first="Dorothee C. E." last="Bakker">Dorothee C. E. Bakker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Norwich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bozec, Yann" sort="Bozec, Yann" uniqKey="Bozec Y" first="Yann" last="Bozec">Yann Bozec</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, Richard T" sort="Barber, Richard T" uniqKey="Barber R" first="Richard T." last="Barber">Richard T. Barber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, North Carolina, Beaufort</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beaufort</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brzezinski, Mark A" sort="Brzezinski, Mark A" uniqKey="Brzezinski M" first="Mark A." last="Brzezinski">Mark A. Brzezinski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santa Barbara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buesseler, Ken O" sort="Buesseler, Ken O" uniqKey="Buesseler K" first="Ken O." last="Buesseler">Ken O. Buesseler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Woods Hole</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Woods Hole</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boye, Marie" sort="Boye, Marie" uniqKey="Boye M" first="Marie" last="Boyé">Marie Boyé</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology, University of Groningen, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Brest</settlement><settlement type="city">Brest</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Bretagne Occidentale</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croot, Peter L" sort="Croot, Peter L" uniqKey="Croot P" first="Peter L." last="Croot">Peter L. Croot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM‐GEOMAR, Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gervais, Frank" sort="Gervais, Frank" uniqKey="Gervais F" first="Frank" last="Gervais">Frank Gervais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorbunov, Maxim Y" sort="Gorbunov, Maxim Y" uniqKey="Gorbunov M" first="Maxim Y." last="Gorbunov">Maxim Y. Gorbunov</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, New Brunswick</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Rutgers</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">New Brunswick (New Jersey)</settlement><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, Paul J" sort="Harrison, Paul J" uniqKey="Harrison P" first="Paul J." last="Harrison">Paul J. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Atmospheric, Marine and Coastal Environment Program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiscock, William T" sort="Hiscock, William T" uniqKey="Hiscock W" first="William T." last="Hiscock">William T. Hiscock</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida, Miami</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Miami</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laan, Patrick" sort="Laan, Patrick" uniqKey="Laan P" first="Patrick" last="Laan">Patrick Laan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lancelot, Christiane" sort="Lancelot, Christiane" uniqKey="Lancelot C" first="Christiane" last="Lancelot">Christiane Lancelot</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systemes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Law, Cliff S" sort="Law, Cliff S" uniqKey="Law C" first="Cliff S." last="Law">Cliff S. Law</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Maurice" sort="Levasseur, Maurice" uniqKey="Levasseur M" first="Maurice" last="Levasseur">Maurice Levasseur</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Biologie (Québec‐Océan), Université Laval, Quebec</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quebec</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marchetti, Adrian" sort="Marchetti, Adrian" uniqKey="Marchetti A" first="Adrian" last="Marchetti">Adrian Marchetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Millero, Frank J" sort="Millero, Frank J" uniqKey="Millero F" first="Frank J." last="Millero">Frank J. Millero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida, Miami</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Miami</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nishioka, Jun" sort="Nishioka, Jun" uniqKey="Nishioka J" first="Jun" last="Nishioka">Jun Nishioka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chiba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nojiri, Yukihiro" sort="Nojiri, Yukihiro" uniqKey="Nojiri Y" first="Yukihiro" last="Nojiri">Yukihiro Nojiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ibaraki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Oijen, Tim" sort="Van Oijen, Tim" uniqKey="Van Oijen T" first="Tim" last="Van Oijen">Tim Van Oijen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology, University of Groningen, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riebesell, Ulf" sort="Riebesell, Ulf" uniqKey="Riebesell U" first="Ulf" last="Riebesell">Ulf Riebesell</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM‐GEOMAR, Kiel</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region><settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" sort="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" uniqKey="Rijkenberg M" first="Micha J. A." last="Rijkenberg">Micha J. A. Rijkenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology, University of Groningen, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Hiroaki" sort="Saito, Hiroaki" uniqKey="Saito H" first="Hiroaki" last="Saito">Hiroaki Saito</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Miyagi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Miyagi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takeda, Shigenobu" sort="Takeda, Shigenobu" uniqKey="Takeda S" first="Shigenobu" last="Takeda">Shigenobu Takeda</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Aquatic Bioscience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Tokyo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timmermans, Klaas R" sort="Timmermans, Klaas R" uniqKey="Timmermans K" first="Klaas R." last="Timmermans">Klaas R. Timmermans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veldhuis, Marcel J W" sort="Veldhuis, Marcel J W" uniqKey="Veldhuis M" first="Marcel J. W." last="Veldhuis">Marcel J. W. Veldhuis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Isle of Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Isle of Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waite, Anya M" sort="Waite, Anya M" uniqKey="Waite A" first="Anya M." last="Waite">Anya M. Waite</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Crawley</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Chi Hing" sort="Wong, Chi Hing" uniqKey="Wong C" first="Chi-Shing" last="Wong">Chi-Shing Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">110</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">C9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">24</biblScope><date type="published" when="2005-09">2005-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alfred wegener institute</term><term>Algal</term><term>Algal growth</term><term>Ambient</term><term>Ambient waters</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic ocean</term><term>Antarctic seawater</term><term>Antarctic summation</term><term>Aquatic bioscience</term><term>Atlantic sector</term><term>Atmospheric research</term><term>Atmospheric science</term><term>Austral</term><term>Austral spring</term><term>Austral summer</term><term>Baar</term><term>Bakker</term><term>Bidigare</term><term>Biogenic</term><term>Biogeochemical</term><term>Biological production</term><term>Biological response</term><term>Biologie universite laval</term><term>Biomass</term><term>Biomass accumulation</term><term>Bottle treatments</term><term>Bowie</term><term>Boyd</term><term>Boye</term><term>Bozec</term><term>British columbia</term><term>Buesseler</term><term>Carbohydrate production</term><term>Carbon biomass</term><term>Carbon cycling</term><term>Carbon dioxide</term><term>Carbon sequestration</term><term>Carbondioxide uptake</term><term>Cell doublings</term><term>Cell numbers</term><term>Cell size</term><term>Central research institute</term><term>Chaetoceros</term><term>Charette</term><term>Chem</term><term>Chemostat effect</term><term>Coale</term><term>Coastal environment program</term><term>Coastal sciences</term><term>Colloid</term><term>Colloidal</term><term>Colloidal ligands</term><term>Community biomass</term><term>Community response</term><term>Complexation</term><term>Control bottles</term><term>Control station</term><term>Croot</term><term>Data points</term><term>Deck incubations</term><term>Deck incubators</term><term>Deeper layers</term><term>Deeper waters</term><term>Deeper wind</term><term>Deficiency method</term><term>Diatom</term><term>Diatom biovolume</term><term>Diatom chaetoceros debilis</term><term>Diatom size</term><term>Diatom species</term><term>Dilution</term><term>Dilution factor</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Dramatic increase</term><term>Drawdown</term><term>Duke university</term><term>Dust flux</term><term>Dust input</term><term>Early stages</term><term>Early subduction</term><term>Earth sciences</term><term>East anglia</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Ecosystem dynamics study</term><term>Eisenex</term><term>Electric power industry</term><term>Enrichment</term><term>Enrichment experiment</term><term>Enrichment experiments</term><term>Enrichments figure</term><term>Environmental sciences</term><term>Environmental studies</term><term>Equatorial</term><term>Experimental oceanography</term><term>Export flux</term><term>Favorable conditions</term><term>Fco2</term><term>Fertilisation</term><term>Fertilization</term><term>Fertilization experiment</term><term>Fertilization experiments</term><term>Field biomass</term><term>Final patch area</term><term>Final patch size</term><term>Fine colloids</term><term>First infusion</term><term>Fisheries research institute</term><term>Fitzwater</term><term>Fragilariopsis</term><term>Fragilariopsis kerguelensis</term><term>Frontal zone</term><term>Fugacity</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geophysical research</term><term>Green bars</term><term>Growth curves</term><term>Growth rate</term><term>Growth rates</term><term>Heterotrophic</term><term>Heterotrophic respiration</term><term>Hiscock</term><term>Hnlc</term><term>Hnlc regions</term><term>Hnlc waters</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Hong kong university</term><term>Incident light</term><term>Individual plankton cells</term><term>Infusion</term><term>Initial patch size</term><term>Initial value</term><term>Inorganic carbon</term><term>Inverse relationship</term><term>Iron addition</term><term>Iron availability</term><term>Iron concentrations</term><term>Iron enrichment</term><term>Iron enrichment experiment</term><term>Iron enrichment study</term><term>Iron experiment</term><term>Iron fertilisation</term><term>Iron fertilisation experiment</term><term>Iron fertilization</term><term>Iron fertilization experiment</term><term>Iron fertilization experiments</term><term>Iron hypothesis</term><term>Iron infusion</term><term>Iron limitation</term><term>Iron supply</term><term>Kerguelen islands</term><term>Kerguelensis</term><term>Lancelot</term><term>Landry</term><term>Large actinocyclus</term><term>Large diatoms</term><term>Large fragilariopsis kerguelensis</term><term>Large size class</term><term>Larger diatoms</term><term>Late summer</term><term>Lateral patch dilution</term><term>Layer depth</term><term>Leeuwe</term><term>Leibniz institut</term><term>Ligand</term><term>Light climate</term><term>Light conditions</term><term>Light depth</term><term>Light environment</term><term>Light level</term><term>Light limitation</term><term>Limnol</term><term>Loss processes</term><term>Major impact</term><term>Major nutrients</term><term>Maldonado</term><term>Marine biology</term><term>Marine research</term><term>Marine science institute</term><term>Maximum changes</term><term>Maximum decrease</term><term>Maximum growth rate</term><term>Maximum nitrate removal</term><term>Mesoscale</term><term>Microzooplankton</term><term>Millero</term><term>Mmol</term><term>Mmol light</term><term>Mole</term><term>Moss landing</term><term>Moss landing marine laboratories</term><term>National institute</term><term>National science foundation</term><term>Natural seawater</term><term>Next generation</term><term>Nicholas school</term><term>Nitrate</term><term>Nitrate removal</term><term>Nodder</term><term>Nutrient</term><term>Ocean diatoms</term><term>Ocean experiment</term><term>Ocean research conference</term><term>Ocean research institute</term><term>Ocean sciences</term><term>Oceanic</term><term>Oceanogr</term><term>Oceans canada</term><term>Oijen</term><term>Open circles</term><term>Open symbols</term><term>Open triangles</term><term>Organic complexation</term><term>Organic matter</term><term>Original articles</term><term>Other experiments</term><term>Other factors</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Other words</term><term>Overall efficiency</term><term>Pacific ocean</term><term>Pacific sector</term><term>Patch</term><term>Patch center</term><term>Patch centre</term><term>Patch dilution</term><term>Patch dilution factor</term><term>Patch size</term><term>Pennate</term><term>Personal communication</term><term>Photosynthetic fixation</term><term>Physical oceanography</term><term>Phytoplankton</term><term>Phytoplankton biomass</term><term>Phytoplankton biomass response</term><term>Phytoplankton carbon biomass</term><term>Phytoplankton growth</term><term>Phytoplankton photosynthesis</term><term>Phytoplankton processes</term><term>Phytoplankton responses</term><term>Plankton</term><term>Plankton communities</term><term>Plankton ecology</term><term>Primary production</term><term>Primary productivity</term><term>Prog</term><term>Rapid formation</term><term>Rapid removal</term><term>Rate estimates</term><term>Research triangle park</term><term>Rijkenberg</term><term>Rosenstiel school</term><term>Royal netherlands institute</term><term>Rutgers university</term><term>Santa barbara</term><term>Sawtooth pattern</term><term>Scripps institution</term><term>Seawater</term><term>Seawater samples</term><term>Sediment traps</term><term>Shear stress</term><term>Significant increase</term><term>Silicate</term><term>Size class</term><term>Size classes</term><term>Sofex</term><term>Sofex sites</term><term>Soiree</term><term>Soluble</term><term>Soluble fraction</term><term>Soluble pool</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Southern ocean iron experiment</term><term>Southern ocean iron release experiment</term><term>Southern ocean phytoplankton</term><term>Special thanks</term><term>Subarctic</term><term>Subarctic ecosystem response</term><term>Sulphur hexafluoride</term><term>Surface waters</term><term>Systemes aquatiques</term><term>Timmermans</term><term>Tokyo japan</term><term>Tracer</term><term>Tsuda</term><term>Univ</term><term>Universite libre</term><term>Unpublished manuscript</term><term>Upper limit</term><term>Veldhuis</term><term>Waite</term><term>Water research</term><term>Western australia</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Wind speed</term><term>Woods hole</term><term>World oceans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Alfred wegener institute</term><term>Algal</term><term>Algal growth</term><term>Ambient</term><term>Ambient waters</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic ocean</term><term>Antarctic seawater</term><term>Antarctic summation</term><term>Aquatic bioscience</term><term>Atlantic sector</term><term>Atmospheric research</term><term>Atmospheric science</term><term>Austral</term><term>Austral spring</term><term>Austral summer</term><term>Baar</term><term>Bakker</term><term>Bidigare</term><term>Biogenic</term><term>Biogeochemical</term><term>Biological production</term><term>Biological response</term><term>Biologie universite laval</term><term>Biomass</term><term>Biomass accumulation</term><term>Bottle treatments</term><term>Bowie</term><term>Boyd</term><term>Boye</term><term>Bozec</term><term>British columbia</term><term>Buesseler</term><term>Carbohydrate production</term><term>Carbon biomass</term><term>Carbon cycling</term><term>Carbon dioxide</term><term>Carbon sequestration</term><term>Carbondioxide uptake</term><term>Cell doublings</term><term>Cell numbers</term><term>Cell size</term><term>Central research institute</term><term>Chaetoceros</term><term>Charette</term><term>Chem</term><term>Chemostat effect</term><term>Coale</term><term>Coastal environment program</term><term>Coastal sciences</term><term>Colloid</term><term>Colloidal</term><term>Colloidal ligands</term><term>Community biomass</term><term>Community response</term><term>Complexation</term><term>Control bottles</term><term>Control station</term><term>Croot</term><term>Data points</term><term>Deck incubations</term><term>Deck incubators</term><term>Deeper layers</term><term>Deeper waters</term><term>Deeper wind</term><term>Deficiency method</term><term>Diatom</term><term>Diatom biovolume</term><term>Diatom chaetoceros debilis</term><term>Diatom size</term><term>Diatom species</term><term>Dilution</term><term>Dilution factor</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Dramatic increase</term><term>Drawdown</term><term>Duke university</term><term>Dust flux</term><term>Dust input</term><term>Early stages</term><term>Early subduction</term><term>Earth sciences</term><term>East anglia</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Ecosystem dynamics study</term><term>Eisenex</term><term>Electric power industry</term><term>Enrichment</term><term>Enrichment experiment</term><term>Enrichment experiments</term><term>Enrichments figure</term><term>Environmental sciences</term><term>Environmental studies</term><term>Equatorial</term><term>Experimental oceanography</term><term>Export flux</term><term>Favorable conditions</term><term>Fco2</term><term>Fertilisation</term><term>Fertilization</term><term>Fertilization experiment</term><term>Fertilization experiments</term><term>Field biomass</term><term>Final patch area</term><term>Final patch size</term><term>Fine colloids</term><term>First infusion</term><term>Fisheries research institute</term><term>Fitzwater</term><term>Fragilariopsis</term><term>Fragilariopsis kerguelensis</term><term>Frontal zone</term><term>Fugacity</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Geophysical research</term><term>Green bars</term><term>Growth curves</term><term>Growth rate</term><term>Growth rates</term><term>Heterotrophic</term><term>Heterotrophic respiration</term><term>Hiscock</term><term>Hnlc</term><term>Hnlc regions</term><term>Hnlc waters</term><term>Hong kong</term><term>Hong kong university</term><term>Incident light</term><term>Individual plankton cells</term><term>Infusion</term><term>Initial patch size</term><term>Initial value</term><term>Inorganic carbon</term><term>Inverse relationship</term><term>Iron addition</term><term>Iron availability</term><term>Iron concentrations</term><term>Iron enrichment</term><term>Iron enrichment experiment</term><term>Iron enrichment study</term><term>Iron experiment</term><term>Iron fertilisation</term><term>Iron fertilisation experiment</term><term>Iron fertilization</term><term>Iron fertilization experiment</term><term>Iron fertilization experiments</term><term>Iron hypothesis</term><term>Iron infusion</term><term>Iron limitation</term><term>Iron supply</term><term>Kerguelen islands</term><term>Kerguelensis</term><term>Lancelot</term><term>Landry</term><term>Large actinocyclus</term><term>Large diatoms</term><term>Large fragilariopsis kerguelensis</term><term>Large size class</term><term>Larger diatoms</term><term>Late summer</term><term>Lateral patch dilution</term><term>Layer depth</term><term>Leeuwe</term><term>Leibniz institut</term><term>Ligand</term><term>Light climate</term><term>Light conditions</term><term>Light depth</term><term>Light environment</term><term>Light level</term><term>Light limitation</term><term>Limnol</term><term>Loss processes</term><term>Major impact</term><term>Major nutrients</term><term>Maldonado</term><term>Marine biology</term><term>Marine research</term><term>Marine science institute</term><term>Maximum changes</term><term>Maximum decrease</term><term>Maximum growth rate</term><term>Maximum nitrate removal</term><term>Mesoscale</term><term>Microzooplankton</term><term>Millero</term><term>Mmol</term><term>Mmol light</term><term>Mole</term><term>Moss landing</term><term>Moss landing marine laboratories</term><term>National institute</term><term>National science foundation</term><term>Natural seawater</term><term>Next generation</term><term>Nicholas school</term><term>Nitrate</term><term>Nitrate removal</term><term>Nodder</term><term>Nutrient</term><term>Ocean diatoms</term><term>Ocean experiment</term><term>Ocean research conference</term><term>Ocean research institute</term><term>Ocean sciences</term><term>Oceanic</term><term>Oceanogr</term><term>Oceans canada</term><term>Oijen</term><term>Open circles</term><term>Open symbols</term><term>Open triangles</term><term>Organic complexation</term><term>Organic matter</term><term>Original articles</term><term>Other experiments</term><term>Other factors</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Other words</term><term>Overall efficiency</term><term>Pacific ocean</term><term>Pacific sector</term><term>Patch</term><term>Patch center</term><term>Patch centre</term><term>Patch dilution</term><term>Patch dilution factor</term><term>Patch size</term><term>Pennate</term><term>Personal communication</term><term>Photosynthetic fixation</term><term>Physical oceanography</term><term>Phytoplankton</term><term>Phytoplankton biomass</term><term>Phytoplankton biomass response</term><term>Phytoplankton carbon biomass</term><term>Phytoplankton growth</term><term>Phytoplankton photosynthesis</term><term>Phytoplankton processes</term><term>Phytoplankton responses</term><term>Plankton</term><term>Plankton communities</term><term>Plankton ecology</term><term>Primary production</term><term>Primary productivity</term><term>Prog</term><term>Rapid formation</term><term>Rapid removal</term><term>Rate estimates</term><term>Research triangle park</term><term>Rijkenberg</term><term>Rosenstiel school</term><term>Royal netherlands institute</term><term>Rutgers university</term><term>Santa barbara</term><term>Sawtooth pattern</term><term>Scripps institution</term><term>Seawater</term><term>Seawater samples</term><term>Sediment traps</term><term>Shear stress</term><term>Significant increase</term><term>Silicate</term><term>Size class</term><term>Size classes</term><term>Sofex</term><term>Sofex sites</term><term>Soiree</term><term>Soluble</term><term>Soluble fraction</term><term>Soluble pool</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Southern ocean iron experiment</term><term>Southern ocean iron release experiment</term><term>Southern ocean phytoplankton</term><term>Special thanks</term><term>Subarctic</term><term>Subarctic ecosystem response</term><term>Sulphur hexafluoride</term><term>Surface waters</term><term>Systemes aquatiques</term><term>Timmermans</term><term>Tokyo japan</term><term>Tracer</term><term>Tsuda</term><term>Univ</term><term>Universite libre</term><term>Unpublished manuscript</term><term>Upper limit</term><term>Veldhuis</term><term>Waite</term><term>Water research</term><term>Western australia</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Wind speed</term><term>Woods hole</term><term>World oceans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biomasse</term><term>Sciences de la terre</term><term>écosystème</term><term>Plancton</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Comparison of eight iron experiments shows that maximum Chl a, the maximum DIC removal, and the overall DIC/Fe efficiency all scale inversely with depth of the wind mixed layer (WML) defining the light environment. Moreover, lateral patch dilution, sea surface irradiance, temperature, and grazing play additional roles. The Southern Ocean experiments were most influenced by very deep WMLs. In contrast, light conditions were most favorable during SEEDS and SERIES as well as during IronEx‐2. The two extreme experiments, EisenEx and SEEDS, can be linked via EisenEx bottle incubations with shallower simulated WML depth. Large diatoms always benefit the most from Fe addition, where a remarkably small group of thriving diatom species is dominated by universal response of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. Significant response of these moderate (10–30 μm), medium (30–60 μm), and large (>60 μm) diatoms is consistent with growth physiology determined for single species in natural seawater. The minimum level of “dissolved” Fe (filtrate < 0.2 μm) maintained during an experiment determines the dominant diatom size class. However, this is further complicated by continuous transfer of original truly dissolved reduced Fe(II) into the colloidal pool, which may constitute some 75% of the “dissolved” pool. Depth integration of carbon inventory changes partly compensates the adverse effects of a deep WML due to its greater integration depths, decreasing the differences in responses between the eight experiments. About half of depth‐integrated overall primary productivity is reflected in a decrease of DIC. The overall C/Fe efficiency of DIC uptake is DIC/Fe ∼ 5600 for all eight experiments. The increase of particulate organic carbon is about a quarter of the primary production, suggesting food web losses for the other three quarters. Replenishment of DIC by air/sea exchange tends to be a minor few percent of primary CO2 fixation but will continue well after observations have stopped. Export of carbon into deeper waters is difficult to assess and is until now firmly proven and quite modest in only two experiments.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>Japon</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Groningue (province)</li><li>New Jersey</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Région de Kantō</li><li>Schleswig-Holstein</li></region><settlement><li>Brest</li><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Groningue (ville)</li><li>Kiel</li><li>New Brunswick (New Jersey)</li><li>Tokyo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Rutgers</li><li>Université de Bretagne Occidentale</li><li>Université de Groningue</li><li>Université de Tokyo</li><li>Université libre de Bruxelles</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Baar, Hein J W" sort="De Baar, Hein J W" uniqKey="De Baar H" first="Hein J. W." last="De Baar">Hein J. W. De Baar</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Boye, Marie" sort="Boye, Marie" uniqKey="Boye M" first="Marie" last="Boyé">Marie Boyé</name><name sortKey="Bozec, Yann" sort="Bozec, Yann" uniqKey="Bozec Y" first="Yann" last="Bozec">Yann Bozec</name><name sortKey="Croot, Peter L" sort="Croot, Peter L" uniqKey="Croot P" first="Peter L." last="Croot">Peter L. Croot</name><name sortKey="De Baar, Hein J W" sort="De Baar, Hein J W" uniqKey="De Baar H" first="Hein J. W." last="De Baar">Hein J. W. De Baar</name><name sortKey="De Baar, Hein J W" sort="De Baar, Hein J W" uniqKey="De Baar H" first="Hein J. W." last="De Baar">Hein J. W. De Baar</name><name sortKey="De Baar, Hein J W" sort="De Baar, Hein J W" uniqKey="De Baar H" first="Hein J. W." last="De Baar">Hein J. W. De Baar</name><name sortKey="Laan, Patrick" sort="Laan, Patrick" uniqKey="Laan P" first="Patrick" last="Laan">Patrick Laan</name><name sortKey="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" sort="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" uniqKey="Rijkenberg M" first="Micha J. A." last="Rijkenberg">Micha J. A. Rijkenberg</name><name sortKey="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" sort="Rijkenberg, Micha J A" uniqKey="Rijkenberg M" first="Micha J. A." last="Rijkenberg">Micha J. A. Rijkenberg</name><name sortKey="Timmermans, Klaas R" sort="Timmermans, Klaas R" uniqKey="Timmermans K" first="Klaas R." last="Timmermans">Klaas R. Timmermans</name><name sortKey="Van Oijen, Tim" sort="Van Oijen, Tim" uniqKey="Van Oijen T" first="Tim" last="Van Oijen">Tim Van Oijen</name><name sortKey="Veldhuis, Marcel J W" sort="Veldhuis, Marcel J W" uniqKey="Veldhuis M" first="Marcel J. W." last="Veldhuis">Marcel J. W. Veldhuis</name></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boyd, Philip W" sort="Boyd, Philip W" uniqKey="Boyd P" first="Philip W." last="Boyd">Philip W. Boyd</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Law, Cliff S" sort="Law, Cliff S" uniqKey="Law C" first="Cliff S." last="Law">Cliff S. Law</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Coale, Kenneth H" sort="Coale, Kenneth H" uniqKey="Coale K" first="Kenneth H." last="Coale">Kenneth H. Coale</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Barber, Richard T" sort="Barber, Richard T" uniqKey="Barber R" first="Richard T." last="Barber">Richard T. Barber</name><name sortKey="Brzezinski, Mark A" sort="Brzezinski, Mark A" uniqKey="Brzezinski M" first="Mark A." last="Brzezinski">Mark A. Brzezinski</name><name sortKey="Buesseler, Ken O" sort="Buesseler, Ken O" uniqKey="Buesseler K" first="Ken O." last="Buesseler">Ken O. Buesseler</name><name sortKey="Gorbunov, Maxim Y" sort="Gorbunov, Maxim Y" uniqKey="Gorbunov M" first="Maxim Y." last="Gorbunov">Maxim Y. Gorbunov</name><name sortKey="Hiscock, William T" sort="Hiscock, William T" uniqKey="Hiscock W" first="William T." last="Hiscock">William T. Hiscock</name><name sortKey="Landry, Michael R" sort="Landry, Michael R" uniqKey="Landry M" first="Michael R." last="Landry">Michael R. Landry</name><name sortKey="Millero, Frank J" sort="Millero, Frank J" uniqKey="Millero F" first="Frank J." last="Millero">Frank J. Millero</name></country><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Tsuda, Atsushi" sort="Tsuda, Atsushi" uniqKey="Tsuda A" first="Atsushi" last="Tsuda">Atsushi Tsuda</name></region><name sortKey="Nishioka, Jun" sort="Nishioka, Jun" uniqKey="Nishioka J" first="Jun" last="Nishioka">Jun Nishioka</name><name sortKey="Nojiri, Yukihiro" sort="Nojiri, Yukihiro" uniqKey="Nojiri Y" first="Yukihiro" last="Nojiri">Yukihiro Nojiri</name><name sortKey="Saito, Hiroaki" sort="Saito, Hiroaki" uniqKey="Saito H" first="Hiroaki" last="Saito">Hiroaki Saito</name><name sortKey="Takeda, Shigenobu" sort="Takeda, Shigenobu" uniqKey="Takeda S" first="Shigenobu" last="Takeda">Shigenobu Takeda</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Assmy, Philipp" sort="Assmy, Philipp" uniqKey="Assmy P" first="Philipp" last="Assmy">Philipp Assmy</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Croot, Peter L" sort="Croot, Peter L" uniqKey="Croot P" first="Peter L." last="Croot">Peter L. Croot</name><name sortKey="Gervais, Frank" sort="Gervais, Frank" uniqKey="Gervais F" first="Frank" last="Gervais">Frank Gervais</name><name sortKey="Riebesell, Ulf" sort="Riebesell, Ulf" uniqKey="Riebesell U" first="Ulf" last="Riebesell">Ulf Riebesell</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bakker, Dorothee C E" sort="Bakker, Dorothee C E" uniqKey="Bakker D" first="Dorothee C. E." last="Bakker">Dorothee C. E. Bakker</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Région Bretagne"><name sortKey="Boye, Marie" sort="Boye, Marie" uniqKey="Boye M" first="Marie" last="Boyé">Marie Boyé</name></region></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Harrison, Paul J" sort="Harrison, Paul J" uniqKey="Harrison P" first="Paul J." last="Harrison">Paul J. Harrison</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Lancelot, Christiane" sort="Lancelot, Christiane" uniqKey="Lancelot C" first="Christiane" last="Lancelot">Christiane Lancelot</name></region></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Levasseur, Maurice" sort="Levasseur, Maurice" uniqKey="Levasseur M" first="Maurice" last="Levasseur">Maurice Levasseur</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Marchetti, Adrian" sort="Marchetti, Adrian" uniqKey="Marchetti A" first="Adrian" last="Marchetti">Adrian Marchetti</name><name sortKey="Wong, Chi Hing" sort="Wong, Chi Hing" uniqKey="Wong C" first="Chi-Shing" last="Wong">Chi-Shing Wong</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Waite, Anya M" sort="Waite, Anya M" uniqKey="Waite A" first="Anya M." last="Waite">Anya M. Waite</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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